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1. Present Simple Tense - वर्तमान साधारण काल (Vartaman Sadharan Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe general truths, habitual actions, and permanent situations. It is formed by using the base form of the verb.

Example: मैं रोज़ सुबह उठता हूँ। (I wake up every morning.)

2. Present Continuous Tense - वर्तमान वर्तमान काल (Vartaman Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions happening at the present moment or temporary actions. It is formed by using the present participle (-ing form) of the verb along with the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona).

Example: मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ। (I am reading.)

3. Present Perfect Tense - वर्तमान पूर्ण काल (Vartaman Poorn Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that happened in the past but have a connection to the present. It is formed by using the present participle (-ed form) of the verb along with the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona).

Example: मैंने किताब पढ़ी है। (I have read the book.)

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense - वर्तमान पूर्ण वर्तमान काल (Vartaman Poorn Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that started in the past, continue in the present, and may continue in the future. It is formed by using the present participle (-ing form) of the verb along with the auxiliary verbs "होना" (hona) and "रहना" (rahna).

Example: मैं तीन घंटे से पढ़ रहा हूँ। (I have been studying for three hours.)

5. Past Simple Tense - भूतकाल साधारण काल (Bhootkaal Sadharan Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that happened and were completed in the past. It is formed by using the past tense form of the verb.

Example: मैंने कल खाना खाया। (I ate food yesterday.)

6. Past Continuous Tense - भूतकाल वर्तमान काल (Bhootkaal Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that were happening in the past at a specific time or for a specific duration. It is formed by using the past participle (-ing form) of the verb along with the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona).

Example: मैं रात भर पढ़ रहा था। (I was reading all night.)

7. Past Perfect Tense - भूतकाल पूर्ण काल (Bhootkaal Poorn Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that happened before another action in the past. It is formed by using the past participle form of the verb along with the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona).

Example: मैंने किताब पढ़ी थी जब तारा आया। (I had read the book when Tara came.)

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense - भूतकाल पूर्ण वर्तमान काल (Bhootkaal Poorn Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that started in the past, continued for a specific duration, and were still ongoing before another action took place. It is formed by using the past participle (-ing form) of the verb along with the auxiliary verbs "होना" (hona) and "रहना" (rahna).

Example: मैंने तीन घंटे से पढ़ रहा था जब दोस्त आया। (I had been studying for three hours when my friend came.)

9. Future Simple Tense - भविष्यत् साधारण काल (Bhavishyat Sadharan Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona) along with the infinitive form of the verb.

Example: मैं कल खेलूंगा। (I will play tomorrow.)

10. Future Continuous Tense - भविष्यत् वर्तमान काल (Bhavishyat Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that will be happening in the future at a specific time or for a specific duration. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona) along with the present participle (-ing form) of the verb.

Example: मैं कल दस बजे से पढ़ रहा होगा। (I will be studying from ten o'clock tomorrow.)

11. Future Perfect Tense - भविष्यत् पूर्ण काल (Bhavishyat Poorn Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "होना" (hona) along with the past participle form of the verb.

Example: मैंने अगले हफ्ते तक पुस्तक पढ़ ली होगी। (I will have read the book by next week.)

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense - भविष्यत् पूर्ण वर्तमान काल (Bhavishyat Poorn Vartaman Kaal)
- This tense is used to describe actions that will have been happening

continuously for a specific duration before a specific time or another action in the future. It is formed by using the auxiliary verbs "होना" (hona) and "रहना" (rahna) along with the present participle (-ing form) of the verb.

Example: मैं दस बजे तक पांच घंटे से पढ़ रहा होगा। (I will have been studying for five hours by ten o'clock.)

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