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Overview of Breast Cancer -
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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from breast cells. It can occur in both men and women, although it is far more common in women. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
Types of Breast Cancer:
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, starting in the milk ducts and spreading to surrounding tissues.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Begins in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and can spread.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a duct.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Lacks three common receptors (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2), making it more challenging to treat.
Risk Factors:
Genetics: Family history of breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes).
Age: Risk increases with age.
Gender: Women are at higher risk.
Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy.
Lifestyle: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption.
Symptoms to Watch For:
A lump or mass in the breast or underarm area.
Changes in breast size or shape.
Skin changes, such as dimpling or redness.
Nipple discharge or inversion.
Diagnosis:
Mammogram: X-ray imaging for early detection.
Ultrasound: To further evaluate abnormalities.
Biopsy: Removing tissue for lab analysis.
Treatment Options:
Surgery: Lumpectomy or mastectomy to remove cancerous tissue.
Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to kill remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment using drugs to kill cancer cells.
Hormonal Therapy: For hormone-receptor-positive cancers to block hormones that fuel growth.
Targeted Therapy: Specific treatments aimed at particular characteristics of cancer cells.
Prevention Tips:
Regular screening (mammograms) after age 40 or earlier if at high risk.
Healthy lifestyle choices: balanced diet, regular exercise, limited alcohol consumption.
Genetic testing and preventive surgery for those with a family history.
Emotional and Psychological Impact:
A breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. It's essential to seek support from healthcare professionals, support groups, friends, and family. Counseling and support networks can help navigate the emotional challenges.
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