Information Sharing in organization is important to make the organization effective. Types of information systems. Vertical from top to bottom, horizontal is on the same level.
Vertical linkages coordinate activities between the top and the bottom of the organization
Hierarchical referral are the vertical lines which identify the chain of command
Rules and Plans create vertical links
Reports, computer systems and written information are vertical information systems

Horizontal linkage coordinate activities across organizational departments - not traditionally drawn on the organizational chart
Information Systems
Direct Contact (i.e. liaison role)
Task Forces
Full-Time Integrator
Teams (virtual)

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