The International Symposium “The forced labourers of death. Sonderkommandos and Arbeitsjuden” organized by the Auschwitz Foundation and Remembrance of Auschwitz took place from May 23 to 25, 2013, at the International Press Center – Residence Palace & the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels.
Marcello Pezzetti, Fondation Museo della Shoah (Italy): Le témoignage de Shlomo Venezia [The testimony of Shlomo Venezia]
Now that the crimes, committed by the Wehrmacht, have been recognized for some part thanks to the large travelling exhibition dedicated to these facts between 1995 and the early years 2000, now that the visibility of the extermination in the East has reached unprecedented peaks thanks to the research on the “Holocaust by bullets”, now that Auschwitz has been visited over 1.3 million times last year, the historical and memorial recognition of the Sonderkommando and Arbeitsjuden (the closest witnesses of the “Holocaust by gas”) is still more difficult to achieve. Are the gassings only posted as background information? Are the (mandatory) actors of the most advanced mass murder in modern history still personae non gratae of history and memory?
The Sonderkommando of Auschwitz were the obligatory actors and direct witnesses of the gasification of the European Jews, Roma and Sinti, the deportees labeled as useless and of many Soviet soldiers. They were in the center of the Nazi extermination process, which had reached its highest level of technicality. However, their stories, written testimonies during the eradication itself or later recounted testimonies of survivors, despite the recent publications, recognized no real place in the memory of the genocide of the Jews. They were for a long time banned from the Jewish memory and depicted as devils by the deportees themselves. Following Primo Levi, some historians or philosophers classified them in the gray area, often reinterpreted in a negative way. The presence of the Arbeitsjuden in the other eradication centers became even more neglected.
This symposium aims was twofold. First goal was to make a balance of the Sonderkommando and Arbeitsjuden on an historical and memorial level. Then, to discuss the memory of the Sonderkommando in the broadest sense, their appearance in the testimony of the surviving deportees, in literature, theater and film.
More information:
Auschwitz Foundation - Remembrance in Auschwitz
www.auschwitz.be
