🌍 (4.55 billion years ago, Tetard Galaxy, 400 million light-years from the Milky Way) Here in the Tetard Galaxy, more than 400 million light-years from our galaxy, space is calm, imposing, with its share of color and mystery but at the same time in a distant galaxy, very distant, in a huge molecular cloud of more than 65 light-years in diameter is a fragment, a size of 3 light-years. This fragment, nobody knows it yet, but it is this fragment which will be at the origin of our solar system. For the moment everything is calm but in the space of a few moments, in a luminous explosion, somewhere in this huge cloud, appears a supernova. This shock wave causes the appearance of other supernova, in the neighborhood of the fragment. And it is this shock wave, which triggers the formation of our star, creating denser regions within the cloud, to the point of initiating its collapse. This fragment, which represents a small portion of the cloud, by collapsing leads to the formation of a dense core with a size of 10,000 AU, we call it the pre-solar nebula!
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💥 FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM:
- Our Sun would have been formed near massive stars with short lifetimes because they are the only ones able to form supernovas. It would therefore have appeared in a large region of massive star production, probably comparable to the Orion nebula. The study of the structure of the Kuiper belt and the unexpected material found there suggests that the Sun was formed among a set of stars grouped in a diameter of 6 to 19 light-years and the whole representing 3000 solar mass. After 535 million years, this cluster has completely disintegrated. Different simulations of our young Sun, interacting with nearby stars during the first 100 million years of its life, produce anomalous orbits. Such orbits are still observable today in the outer Solar System, especially those of scattered objects.
After 50 million years, the temperature and pressure in the core of the Sun became so high that its hydrogen began to fuse, creating an internal energy source that opposed the gravitational contraction until hydrostatic equilibrium was reached. The Sun has just entered the first phase of its life, known as the main sequence. These stars derive their energy from the fusion of hydrogen into helium in their core. Even today, the Sun is a main sequence star!
As the early solar system continued to evolve, it gradually drifted away from its siblings in the original molecular cloud and continued to orbit alone around the center of the Milky Way.
It is assumed that the various planets were formed on the basis of the solar nebula, a disk-shaped cloud of gas and dust, which was not directly engulfed in the formation of the Sun. The phenomenon, today retained by the scientific community, according to which the planets were formed is called "accretion". According to this process, the planets are born from dust grains of the accretion disk in orbit around the central protostar. Following direct contacts, these grains of a few hundred meters, aggregate into blocks of several kilometers in diameter, which, in turn, collide with each other to form larger bodies of about 10 km wide, they are called planetesimals. During the next few million years, these planetesimals gradually increase in size, by a few centimeters per year, with new collisions.
The inner solar system, that is to say the region of the system at less than 4 AU from the Sun, is too hot for volatile molecules such as water and methane to condense. Also, the planetesimals that form there can only be made of chemical components with a high level of sublimation, such as iron, nickel and aluminum or silicate rocks. These rocky bodies will become the telluric planets which are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
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🎬 On the program today:
- 00:00 - Introduction
- 00:10 - Formation of the Solar System
- 22:50 - What future for our Solar System?
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🎧 Music from Epidemic Sound
