An Overview of Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis are the most common chronic diseases in the adult world population. Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorder manifested by abnormally high level of glucose in blood. Whereas, Periodontitis [1] is an inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of teeth caused by specific microorganism or group of specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. It is multifactorial disease occurring as a result of complex interrelationship between infectious agents and host related factors. Periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus are closely associated and are highly prevalent chronic diseases with many similarities in pathobiology. Related antecedent conditions including obesity and insulin resistance may play an important role in this relationship. Inflammation is a critical player in the association between both. Diabetes clearly increases the risk of periodontal diseases, and biologically plausible mechanisms have been demonstrated in abundance. It is possible that periodontal diseases may serve as initiators or propagators of insulin resistance in a way similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic control. Less clear is the impact of periodontal diseases on glycemic control of diabetes and the mechanisms through which this occurs. It is possible that periodontal diseases may serve as initiators or propagators of insulin resistance in a way similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic control. Further research is needed to clarify this aspect of the relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes.
#Diabetes #periodontitis #inflammation #insulinresistance
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