🔷Parinaud Syndrome Triad🔷

🟠 Recommended Neuro-Ophthalmology books: [ Ссылка ]
🟠 Recommended Ophthalmology books: [ Ссылка ]

🟢 Parinaud syndrome is classically described by the triad of:
👉 1.- impaired upward gaze,
👉 2.- convergence retraction nystagmus, and
👉 3.- pupillary hyporeflexia.

🟢 Parinaud syndrome is also known as:
👉 sylvian aqueduct syndrome,
👉 dorsal midbrain syndrome,
👉 pretectal syndrome, and
👉 Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome.

🟢 This condition has multiple potential etiologies:
👉 pineal gland tumors,
👉 midbrain infarctions,
👉 multiple sclerosis,
👉 midbrain hemorrhage,
👉 encephalitis,
👉 arteriovenous malformations,
👉 infections (toxoplasmosis),
👉 trauma,
👉 obstructive hydrocephalus,
👉 and sometimes, tonic-clonic seizures.

👤 J.R. Fontenla, MD-PhD.
Medical Consultant in Ophthalmology
🏨 Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
Professor of Ophthalmology
🏛 University of Barcelona
👁 YouTube.com/@VisualSystem
📩 visus.formacion@gmail.com
🌍 Instagram: @visus.formacion

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