A randomized clinical trial of TRUE Dads groups for co-parenting partners with the goal of strengthening low-income fathers' roles as partners, parents, and economic providers. 60% of 1042 co-parenting teams were assigned randomly to participate in TRUE Dads while 40% were not offered treatment. One year later, the TRUE Dads participants had significantly fewer symptoms of depression and less destructive conflict and violence while the fathers had higher levels of employment. The intervention also had indirect effects on participants in which the impact on individual distress and co-parenting relationship quality were associated with less harsh parenting, fewer behavior problems in the children, and greater economic self-sufficiency for fathers. Results support the idea that fathers' involvement is a family affair.

Authors: Phillip A. Cowan, PhD, Carolyn Pape Cowan, PhD

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