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Timeline:
0:00 Intro
0:10 Every Text Can Be Interpreted
1:34 Critical Analysis of Texts
3:44 Construction of Story
7:12 Language
9:19 Characterisation
12:58 Theme
Every Text Can Be Interpreted
Every idea, theme and concept in a text is open for interpretation, and its meaning can change. Don’t assume common knowledge because even facts need to be proven. So, for that reason, you can choose to ignore more common analysis and come up with your own.
Critical Analysis of Texts
Texts can be analysed independently. There is no consensus on how you should do it – only that you can justify the how and why in your argument. It requires breaking down a text and its key sections, a bit of note-taking, and for you to make clear distinctions.
Construction of Story
There is much to analyse in how a story is constructed. The way language and structure are used is important. It influences the meaning of the text. Think about how the form and style of an author affect how the text communicates.
You should be looking for things such as:
• medium
• genre
• style of prose/poetry
• use of plot devices such as flashbacks, varied narrators and climax
• formatting/editing
• meaning
• representation
Language
Visual and written language techniques are the simplest method you may use to interpret a text. You must think and analyse how and why they are used. You must constantly challenge the use of such techniques.
Look at how they contribute to meaning:
• imagery, emotional and sensory language
• metaphor
• visual layout
• camera and film techniques
• dialogue
• contrast, paradox and juxtaposition
Characterisation
The characterisation is an important consideration for critical analysis.
You can discuss their motives and purpose by analysing how a character is portrayed. This is not the same as describing a character. The characterisation can be indicated through the description, dialogue, or the narrator’s voice.
This is indicated through:
• use of dialogue
• description
• character’s role (antagonist, protagonist, foil)
• relationships
• change in narration
• language techniques and their effect on the appearance
Theme
The theme is purely interpretive. Any theme you identify has to be justified and argued. Theme can be interpreted through a key idea or effect of a text. In other words, the theme is basically the predominant idea of what the text achieves through meaning.
They can be ideas relating to:
• philosophy/psychology
• feelings
• personal issues
• political
• social
• cultural
• religious/spiritual
• life and its stages
