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Structure of DNA: The DNA molecule is a polymer consisting of several thousand pairs of nucleotide monomers.Each nucleotide consists of three components. They are
1. Pentose sugar deoxyribose
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous base
Nucleoside = deoxyribose + nitrogenous base
Nucleotide = deoxyribose + nitrogenous base + phosphate
Pentose sugar:deoxyribose sugar is a pentose sugar with five carbon atoms.
Phosphate: the phosphate is attached to the adjacent pentose sugar alternately at their 5th and 3rd carbon atoms by phospho -- diester bonds. The phosphate and pentose sugar constitute the back bone of nucleic acids.
Nitrogen bases: there are two types of nitrogen bases
1.Purines adenine and guanine and
2.Pyramidines cytosine and thymine
Nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through N- glycosidic linkage to form a nucleoside. When a phosphate is linked to 51 OH of a nucleoside through phosphoester linkage a corresponding nucleotide is formed. Two nucleotides are linked through 31 -- 51 phosphodiester linkage to form dinucleotide. More nucleotides are joined to form a polynucleotide chain. A polymer has at one end a free phosphate moiety at 51 end of ribose sugar, at the other end the ribose sugar has 31 OH group. The back bone in a polynucleotide chain formed due to sugar and phosphates. The nitrogenous bases linked to sugar moiety form the back bone.
STRUCTURE OF DNA
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