Newtonian discoveries made us rethink physics. Einsteinian discoveries again made us rethink physics. This research maybe another point at which we are made to rethink physics.

‘Repulsive Force Against the Gravitational Attraction’ has been revealed by a ground-breaking research at the most advanced frontier of research in physics, conducted in Sri Lanka (University of Colombo)/Canada (University of Manitoba). The research reveals the ‘Gravitational Repulsive Force’ as a novel 5th force in addition to the known four (4) forces (gravitational attraction, electromagnetic, subatomic-strong and subatomic-weak) in the existing knowledge of physics.

This is a long research programme published in numerous journals. Publication list is given below as an endnote under 'References'. Also see [ Ссылка ].

Experiment:
Behavior of iodine particles at higher temperatures has been observed in vacuum. The apparatus is as shown in this animation. At room temperatures (~30°C), iodine particles move downward due to the gravitational pull (see the above Part I animation video). Iodine was, then, heated above 113.7 ⁰C (melting point of iodine). The evaporated iodine particles initially moved downwards under the forces of volumetric expansion of sublimation (see Part II animation video [ Ссылка ]). The electrical heater plate itself prevented the iodine particles from moving directly in the upward direction. Soon the downward movement slowed down, particles took a turn and moved in the upward direction against the gravitational force and deposited as a spot on inner top part of the paper-jacket (see Part II animation video [ Ссылка ]).

N.B.:- All the metal parts of the chamber were grounded to keep the same electric potential inside the set-up. Isolated current supply was used for the electric heater.

In the same study, under similar conditions, upward movement (movement against the gravitational pull) of very heavy metallic substances of Tungsten and Thorium (183.84 and 232.04 amu respectively), in vacuum has also been observed (Piyadasa 2011).

Logical Reasoning:
This experiment was designed in order to investigate rising iodine particles by strictly excluding all factors which were so far believed to have been the reason for the upward movement of particles in the presence of air, viz., buoyancy and the lift force. Therein:

a) At the room temperature, heavy iodine molecules moved downwards (see the above Part I animation video), apparently under the gravitational force. Vacuum inside the chamber precluded any “convection currents” as it was in the molecular-flow region. So, the possibility of air convection was ruled out!

b) When the temperature of the solid iodine layer was elevated, the particles coming out downwards due to volumetric expansion of sublimation, turned around and moved upward (see Part II animation video [ Ссылка ]). The existing conditions in the chamber did not favor this upward motion, as reasoned below:

i) Molecular-flow region inside the vacuum chamber does not create convection currents.

ii) Vacuum pump always sucked air from the bottom of the chamber. Pressure distribution inside the chamber (pressure at the top is greater than the pressure at the bottom of the vacuum chamber) thus facilitates particles to only move towards the bottom of the chamber.

iii) Gravitational pull acting on the iodine particles was always downwards

Even though all the known physical forces (factors) support/favor the particles to move downward, a cryptic force which is much greater than the sum of those downward forces, acts on iodine particles to move upward!

For the answer and further reading, visit: [ Ссылка ]
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References:

Piyadasa, C. K. G. 2011. Antigravity - Is it already under our nose?, Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.1586,

Piyadasa, C. K. G. 2012. Will rising water droplets change science?, Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol:6, No. 2, pp. 1991-1997

Piyadasa, C. K. G. 2019. Anti-gravity, a major phenomenon in nature yet to be recognized, Physics Essays, 32, 2, 141- 150
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Piyadasa, C. K. G. 2020. Antigravity, an answer to nature’s phenomena including the expansion of the universe, Advances in high Energy Physics, Special issue : Dark Matter and Dark Energy in General Relativity and Modified Theories of Gravity, 1-5, [ Ссылка ]
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