National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is an Indian health program for improving health care delivery across rural India. The mission, initially mooted for 7 years (2005-2012), is run by the Ministry of Health. The scheme proposes a number of new mechanism for healthcare delivery including training local residents as Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA),[1] and the Janani Surakshay Yojana (motherhood protection program). It also aims at improving hygiene and sanitation infrastructure. Noted economists Ajay Mahal and Bibek Debroy have called it "the most ambitious rural health initiative ever".

The mission has a special focus on 18 states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

Under the mission, health funding had increased from INR27,700 crores in 2004-05 to INR39,000 crores in 2005-06 (from 0.95% of GDP to 1.05%). This has further increased from INR14,974 crores in 2007-08 to INR34,488 crores in 2012-13. As of 2009, economists noted that "the mid-term appraisal of the NRHM has found that there has been a significant improvement in health indicators even in this short period". However, in many situations, the state level apparatus have not been able to deploy the additional funds, often owing to inadequacies in the Panchayati Raj functioning. Fund utilization in many states is around 70%.

The largest programme under NRHM, covering India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, has been clouded by a large-scale corruption scandal in which two apex health officials have been murdered. The state government headed by Chief Minister Mayawati has been accused of fraud to the tune of INR10,000 crores (US$2 billion).

India is the second most populous country in the world having 1,210,193,422 people as of 1 March 2012. It shares almost 18% of the world population and has increased its population by 181 million in a decade. By 2030, India will overtake China in population. The increase in population bring to bear great stress on the economy, with challenges to providing nutrition and improving the overall health status of the country.

The overall aim of the Program is to strengthen and improve the whole public health delivery and health of the rural sector. NRHM tries to improve the monitoring and planning process involved within health care. NRHM also aims to bring private sectors to help in the rural health.

Source: Wikipedia

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