Moat Cailin is indeed a strategically important location in the North of Westeros. It is a key defensive position that controls the causeway through the swamps of the Neck, making it a vital chokepoint for any army attempting to move north or south through that region.
In the context of the events in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series and the "Game of Thrones" television show, Robb Stark's decision to abandon Moat Cailin when Taiwin Lannister's army started moving north was a strategic one.
Robb's primary goal was not to hold the North at all costs but rather to engage and defeat the Lannister forces in the Riverlands and ultimately secure the independence of the North from the Iron Throne. By abandoning Moat Cailin, Robb was able to move his forces more quickly and efficiently to engage Taiwin's army, which was a more immediate threat to his objectives.
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Additionally, Moat Cailin is a difficult and costly stronghold to maintain and defend due to its location in the swamps and the challenges of supplying and reinforcing troops there. Robb likely calculated that it would be more effective to engage Taiwin in open battle rather than risk being bogged down in a prolonged siege at Moat Cailin.
The issue is that Robb needed to keep moving south to actually engage with either Taiwin or Jaime.
Neither of them was going to be stupid enough to actually push into the Neck with Robb’s full army there. 200 men was more than sufficient to hold the Neck from any incoming armies to the south, the only problem was that the Ironborn came from the west.
Nowhere in the book does it state that Moat was abandoned, and in fact the primary reason Cailin is “the key” is because it is a door.
Doors can be opened and closed at a whim.
In fact, were an army to actually breach through Moat Cailin, it would then be harassed and retaken by the Crannogmen.
In this sense, the Moat is relatively important because it can stop a massive force with a garrison sized company of soldiers.
It is more important because invaders then need to secure it from the Crannogmen, who will give them shit and who are impossible to root out from the Marshes.
In short, if one were a competent military strategist, and not a bad fan theorist, they would recognize that the Moat is a way to allow the North to operate independently from their borders, allowing them to fight the enemy on their own terms, whilst also making any attempt to take the Moat suicide.
While the Moat could be taken, any poor bastards holding it who did not hold the respect of the Crannogmen would then see their supplies poisoned and their necks pricked by vicious guerrillas.
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