Tu-160 – largest supersonic aircraftTu-160 is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing heavy strategic bomber of Russia. It is the largest supersonic aircraft in the history of military aviation and the heaviest combat aircraft in the world, capable of carrying cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. The Tu-160 resembles the US Air Force’s Rockwell B-1 Lancer as both bombers have sweeping wings and can achieve supersonic speeds. But the B-1 Lancer is smaller and was designed to be a traditional bomber while Tu-160 was built to be a stand-off weapons platform.White SwanIt is also called White Swan because of a white reflective coating applied to the bomber. This white coat protects the crew from the explosion which creates a bright fireball & emits thermal energy.Weapons PayloadThe Tu-160 features 2 internal weapons bay which can carry 45,000kg of nuclear and conventional weapons including long-range nuclear missiles. Each of the two internal rotary launchers can hold 6 conventionally armed NPO Kh-555 (AS-15 ‘Kent’) long-range cruise missiles or 12 Kh-15 short-range nuclear.PerformanceIt has maximum speed of 2.05 Mach and cruise speed of Mach 0.9. It has massive range of 12,300km without in-flight refuelling, cruise speed of 0.77 and carrying 6 Kh-55SM dropped at mid-range with 5% of reserve fuel.Tu-160MThe Tu-160M ​​is an improved version of the Tu-160. The program to reproduce Tu-160 aircraft in the modernized form of Tu-160M​​​​​​was started by the decision of the Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2015. The major upgrade to the bomber includes a new on-board radioelectric equipment, NK-32-02 engines and other systems. The most interesting upgrade in Tu-160M is the integration of a tail radar that scans the rear hemisphere of the aircraft to detect approaching hostile aircraft or missiles. It is also reported to have capability to reverse-launch air-to-air missile after the tail radar has detected the aircraft. This can be compared with APS in MBTs, and a capability present in no other aircraft. When hitting targets in the rear hemisphere, based on the target designation from the tail radar, the missile will have to turn 180 degrees in flight.Tu-160M Delivery statusOn 30th December, it was reported that the first Tupolev Tu-160M bomber built as new has completed factory tests. Rostec, the state-owned conglomerate has reported the delivery of two Tu-160M strategic missile carriers. One of the aircraft was older Tu-160 upgraded to Tu-160M standards and the other one was an entirely new aircraft, built on the upgraded version. Two Tu-160M strategic bombers have been transferred to the flight test station where necessary tests of the aircraft’s systems and engines, as well as on-board radio electronic equipment will be performed after which the aircraft will be transferred to the Russian Air Force. At present Russia has 6 reported Tu-160Ms out of which 4 aircrafts are upgraded from existing fleet of Tu-160 and two newly built. Russia intends to build 40 new units, at the rate of 2 to 3 Tu-160M per year.
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