Microorganisms: Microorganisms are diverse and exist in almost every environment on Earth, from soil and water to extreme environments like deep-sea hydrothermal vents and hot springs. They have unique structures, functions, and genetic compositions that enable them to adapt and survive in different habitats.

Bacteria: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various shapes (spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, etc.). They have a simple cellular structure, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. While some bacteria can cause diseases, many are beneficial and play essential roles in nutrient cycling, bioremediation, food production, and human health.

Viruses: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. They cannot replicate or carry out metabolic activities on their own and require a host cell to multiply. Viruses can cause a range of diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

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