#tankers #oiltankers #cargo #static #hazard #tankcleaning #crudeoil #crudeoilwashing
What is static electricity on tanker?
How do I stop static electricity in my tanker?
How static energy may accumulate during tank washing and how this is controlled?
How electrostatic charging occurs in process of cargo handling?
how to prevent damage to chemical tanker against static electricity
which is a non accumulator of charges
precautions about static electricity on oil tankers
where is electrostatic discharge plate installed in ship
static cargo meaning
How static electricity is generated onboard a chemical tanker?
Static electricity is kind of big deal on tankers.
Three stages of static electricity-
Charge separation
Charge accumulation
Electrostatic discharge
static-electricity-three-stages
Charge separation
When two different materials come in contact, electron may move from one material to another.
This process is called charge separation and is the first step for static electricity generation.
But for one material to give its electron and other to be able to receive electron, one material need to be conductor while other need to be insulator.
charge-separation-static-electricity
Steaming: Steam is an insulator. When steam flows through the steam pipe, it attains a negative charge (I hope by this time you would know why ?)
mixing of two immiscible liquids: When two immiscible liquids are mixed together, charge separation can take place.
You will note that in all these situations of charge separation, one material is a conductor and other is insulator.
Charge accumulation
If a material (or cargo) cannot retain a charge for longer period, it will be of no concern to us. This is because, for spark generation there need to be sufficient charge accumulated.
So Charge can only be accumulated on inductors. Any charge accumulated on conductors is released at the first opportunity.
Electrostatic discharge
This distance depends upon how strongly the materials are charged. Or in more technical words, how much the voltage difference between two objects is. More the voltage difference, lesser distance is required for electrostatic discharge.
Electrostatic discharge is one thing. Electrostatic discharge to produce a spark is another thing.
For electrostatic discharge to produce a spark, there need to be certain amount of voltage difference between two charges.
i) Static accumulator cargoes
Now if I was clear on what I said so far, you would know two things.
First, that only insulators can accumulate the electric charge.
Second, there has to be charge build up for the spark to take place during electrostatic discharge. Conductors cannot retain the charge and hence will not be the main reason to produce spark.
When loading static accumulator cargoes, we must not increase the loading rate as per these linear velocities.
Avoiding free fall of the cargo in the tank
Controlling the inert gas or air in the tank
The inert gas can carry some of the charged particles along with it. Introducing the inert gas in a tank that is already inert is of no danger.
But inerting the tank that is not inert and has flammable vapours can be dangerous because of static charge accumulation.
In this case controlling the rate of inert gas entering in the tank will be the best solution.
Bonding
Bonding of all equipments ensures that there is no charge separation.
Conclusion
But after all this if we refuse to accept it as a risk on tankers, we are fooling ourself. Static electricity is a real risk on tankers and all the places where a spark can cause an explosion.
Knowledge of how static electricity is generated can help in taking steps to mitigate the risk of explosion due to static electricity.
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