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Liver cancer is a life-threatening illness and one of the fastest-growing cancer types in the United States. There are two kinds of liver cancer: primary and secondary. Primary cancer starts in your liver. Secondary cancer spreads to your liver from another part of your body.
Like many kinds of cancer, healthcare providers can do more to treat liver cancer during the disease’s early stage. Unlike many kinds of cancer, healthcare providers have a good idea of what increases someone’s risk of developing liver cancer. With that in mind, healthcare providers are intent on identifying who may be at increased risk so they can catch and treat primary liver cancer as early as possible.
Your liver is the largest organ in your body, helping you digest your food. It’s also one of the most important organs, as no one can live without their liver. Some of the essential tasks your liver manages include:
1. Collects and filters blood flowing from your intestines.
2. Processes and stores nutrients that your intestines absorb.
3. Changes some nutrients into energy or substances that your body needs to build tissue.
4. Makes bile, a fluid that helps digest fat.
5. Digests and stores other nutrients from food like sugar, which makes energy.
6. Makes substances that help your blood to clot.
What are liver cancer stages?
Healthcare providers stage HCC using standards set by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system (BCLC). This system evaluates HCC liver on characteristics, including whether your liver is working well, tumor size and your symptoms. Healthcare providers may use different terms for each BCLC stage; sometimes, presented as being stages I to IV or 0-C or by terms such as early and advanced stage HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma stages include the following:
1. Stage I/very early stage/stage 0: You have a single tumor in your liver that measures less than 2 centimeters (cm). Blood tests show your bilirubin level is normal.
2. Stage II/early stage/stage A: You have a single tumor that measures 5 cm or less or you have more than one tumor that measures less than 3 cm. The tumor may have spread to your blood vessels.
3. Stage III/intermediate stage/stage B: In this stage, you may have more than one tumor and/or a tumor that measures more than 5 cm. The tumor may have spread to your lymph nodes, large blood vessels or another organ.
4. Stage IV/advanced stage/stage C: The cancer has spread to other places in your body, such as your lungs or bones, as well as lymph nodes.
While you can’t completely prevent liver cancer, you can do the following to lower your chances of getting liver cancer:
1. Avoid behaviors that lead to cirrhosis.
2. Reach or maintain a healthy weight.
3. Get a hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is safe for nearly everyone. Ask your doctor about the hepatitis A vaccine.
4. Avoid hepatitis C.
If you have any liver disease, have diabetes, obesity or are a heavy drinker, ask your healthcare provider about liver cancer screenings.
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