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After the imperial election of 1519 Charles V is elected Holy Roman Emperor. Tension mounts with Francis I. Henry VIII is acting as an arbiter, therefore the war starts slowly. Prospero Colonna outmaneuvers the French commanded by Lautrec. The imperialists entrench themselves and destroy the charging Swiss pikemen at the Battle of Bicocca.
Soon Venice also joins the imperialist side, and English troops land in the north of France. Francis sends Bonnivet to Italy with a large army. Charles de Lannoy defeats them at the Battle of Sesia, killing the Chevalier Bayard in the battle.
Next the Emperor sends Charles Bourbon to France; however he is forced to withdraw as Francis himself invades Italy, proceeding to besiege Pavia.
The Italian Wars was a series of conflicts that raged between 1494 and 1559 between the two major European powers, the Habsburgs who ruled the Holy Roman Empire and later Spain, and the Valois kings of France. At the height of the conflict the war involved Tudor England, the Ottoman Empire, Hungary, and all of Italy either as passive or active participants.
In terms of military tactics and strategy the Italian Wars saw the greatest innovations since the Roman Empire. Artillery finally came of age during the war prompting radical changes in terms of fortifications and battlefield tactics. Swiss pikemen, Landsknechts, and Spanish musketeers were amalgamated into a new type of standardized European infantry, the pike and shot formation. Cavalry although diminished in numbers, retained its place on the battlefield, being differentiated into heavy cavalry (men at arms), light cavalry and dragoons. In terms of strategy frontal medieval charges were replaced by careful maneuvering, the use of natural or man-made obstacles, and a keen attention to logistics. Commanders no longer fought in the front lines, but rather became managers of their armies. Politically the war shaped and reshaped the destinies of European countries for centuries to come.
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0:00 Imperial Election of 1519
1:49 Maneuvering
4:16 Bicocca
7:47 1523
9:26 Sesia
11:12 Invasion of Provence
#ItalianWars #BattleofBicocca #Pavia
