Today, let’s go on an adventure to explore one of the top candidates that may finally describe everything in one mathematical expression, string theory.

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String theory is definitely one of the most popular theories in Physics that are widely overused in pop culture today. I think everybody would agree that the most popular example of this is the CBS show The Big Bang Theory. It is impossible to miss hearing about it in a lot of episodes, since it’s what Sheldon Cooper, one of the main protagonists of the show, is dedicating all of his energy on.

And we can’t blame him since this is really remarkably one of the most controversial and daring theories of physics in the current date.

Are you not sold yet as to how extremely important this theory is? Okay, sure. Let me tell you a bit more.

According to Dr. Michio Kaku, a well-known popularizer of science and highly revered theoretical physicist, string theory can answer a lot of questions about our very own universe: what events occurred at the edge of time and space, precisely “before” the Big Bang, what exactly can we expect inside a black hole, and even the possibility of travelling instantly in space up to parallel universes through what we call wormholes.

I think you can imagine how much of the current trends of sci-fi proliferated because of these ideas existing. Honestly, if this doesn’t get you extremely excited about this topic, I don’t know what will.

But assuming you already are interested, let’s take a deep dive on what exactly this theory is, shall we? Or at least let’s try to accomplish that, since even the scientists who study this theory are also still struggling to fully understand every aspect of it..

The story of string theory began when physicists desired for the most simplified explanation for everything in the universe. These scientists always have this thing of wanting to compress explanations into something as neat and as simple as possible. Specifically, they were aiming to find a single line of equation which can be used to describe every phenomena in the universe: how a bird flies in the sky, how planetary motion comes about, how electricity works… It would certainly be something astonishing if only we could describe this into one line of Math, doesn’t it?

Back in the early days of modern physics, there were five fundamental forces of nature were known: electricity, caused by the motion of electrons; magnetism, which describes an innate physical phenomena of objects; the weak nuclear force, responsible for nuclear decay; the strong nuclear force, or the force holding together the nucleons in an atom, keeping them from breaking apart due to the repulsive force of the electrostatic force.

The earliest success at unifying these forces was done by James Clerk Maxwell, when he laid down the equations that define the interrelationship between electricity and magnetism. According to his study, an electrical current can induce magnetism, and vice versa. The resulting theory was called electromagnetism.

Fast forward to the early 20th century and the quest takes us to the two of the most well-known theories in physics nowadays: the theory of general relativity, which best describes the extremely large and massive; and quantum mechanics, describing the extremely light and small. Both of which had some, if not most involvement by physics superstar, Albert Einstein, by the way.

Quantum mechanics reveals that every particle has a dual nature: everything has both a wave-like and a particle-like property. However, this is not completely pretty, as in this approach, the best we can come up with are probability expressions of particles. But it does accomplish the task of describing subatomic particles and how they interact with the highest accuracy, despite this incapacity.

But before you label this theory as bananas, it is important to know that it is not entirely the scientists fault. What quantum mechanics also reveals is that when we try to observe particles in the quantum scale, this observation has a consequential effect.

You might be thinking “how did we come to that? I thought we were doing so well?” Well, as finite beings, we are limited by our own means of observation.

For us to actually observe something, we have to experience it. Usually, this experience entails seeing things and recording what we see. A pretty easy task, right? Well, at some point, it stops being as simple as that.

Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:36 Understanding String Theory
03:12 The Fabric of Space-Time
06:45 Multiverse Theory
09:21 Quantum Entanglement
11:55 Unified Field Theory

#insanecuriosity #stringtheory #multiverse

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