Reefs haven't always been dominated by corals. More than 260 million years ago, massive sponges were the ones that built reefs across the world. But these reefs were about to face an unknown crisis that would make them the last of their kind.

I hope it was worth the time it took to make. When I started this in April, I was still an undergraduate. Now I'm elderly.

Sources and Additional Reading:

The Difference Between...Rugose, Tabulate and Scleractinian corals
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Different Phanerozoic Reefbuilders
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The ecological evolution of reefs
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Permian Reefs and Carbonate Complexes, West Texas
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Guadalupe Mountains National Park
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Introduction to the Geology of the Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe and Delaware Mountains, New Mexico & West Texas
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The Final Extinction of Trilobites
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Mass Extinction and their Aftermath [Freshwater Eurypterids]
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Paleozoogeography of Late Paleozoic and Triassic Malacostraca
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"Earth" shrimp ah, real shrimp, really shrimp, is real shrimp...[Badly auto-translated Chinese title]
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Pygocephalus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Soviet Union
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Miscellaneous Late Paleozoic Malacostraca of the Soviet Union [Isopod]
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Isopoda
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On the Fossil Anaspidacea, with a Revision of the Classification of the Syncarida
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Bringing Fossils to Life Through Art [Mantis Shrimp]
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Model-based multi-locus estimation of decapod phylogeny and divergence times
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Latest Permian deep-water ostracods from southwestern Guangxi, South China
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Crustaceans from bitumen clast in Carboniferous glacial diamictite extend fossil record of copepods
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Deep-sea benthopelagic calanoid copepods and their colonization of the near-bottom environment
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Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China
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The Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction on land and in the oceans
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The Capitanian Age of the Guadalupian Epoch: 260 to 266 million years ago
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Restoration of reef ecosystems following the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary mass extinction: Evidence from the Laibin area, South China
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Permian reefs re-examined: extrinsic control mechanisms of gradual and abrupt changes during 40 my of reef evolution
[ Ссылка ]

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