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A Carnot cycle is a theoretical ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It provides an upper limit on the efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference by the application of work to the system. It is not an actual thermodynamic cycle but is a theoretical construct. There are practical thermodynamic cycles such as a Rankine cycle but no one can get the efficiency equal or higher than the Carnot cycle efficiency, by the Carnot's theorem.

What is Carnot cycle explain?
Definition of Carnot cycle

: an ideal reversible closed thermodynamic cycle in which the working substance goes through the four successive operations of isothermal expansion to a desired point, adiabatic expansion to a desired point, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression back to its initial state.

What are the four stages of the Carnot cycle?
The four stages in the Carnot cycle. (A) Stage 1: Isothermal expansion under heat input Q1, (B) Stage 2: Adiabatic expansion accompanied by a fall in temperature T1 to T2, (C) Stage 3: Isothermal compression, Q2 exhausted, (D) Stage 4: Adiabatic compression accompanied by an increase in temperature T2 to T1.

What is Carnot cycle formula?
During the Carnot cycle, useful work is extracted during the first two phases, where the gas is expanding isothermally and then adiabatically.

Why Carnot cycle is not possible?
The Carnot cycle can be thought of as the most efficient heat engine cycle allowed by physical laws. ... It is not a practical engine cycle because the heat transfer into the engine in the isothermal process is too slow to be of practical value.

What is Carnot cycle Class 11?
A Carnot cycle is defined as an ideal reversible closed thermodynamic cycle. Four successive operations are involved: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.

The Carnot cycle consists of the following four processes: A reversible isothermal gas expansion process. In this process, the ideal gas in the system absorbs qin amount heat from a heat source at a high temperature Thigh, expands and does work on surroundings

Why is Carnot cycle impractical?
The Carnot cycle is reversible whereas the real engines are not reversible due to different reasons like friction, heat transfer to the insulating wall etc. In the Carnot cycle, all the reversible processes are extremely slow while real machines work faster

What is the importance of Carnot cycle?
The Carnot engine (or the Carnot cycle ) is important because it describes a heat engine that uses reversible processes that can be handled theoretically. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is reversible heat engine is the greatest that is possible to achive.

Thermodynamics Class 11 includes subdivisions like open, closed, and isolated systems, internal energy as a state function, isothermal and free expansion of gas, enthalpy, etc. These topics have to be read in a detailed manner for understanding the law of Thermodynamics better.


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