The genus Piper is one of the largest lineages of flowering plants. It is also a dominant element of the forest understory in the Neotropics (but also common and diverse in Asian tropics). Piper is also diverse locally. In a forest reserve like La Selva, you can find 40 different species. In a small circle plot of 10m diameter, you can encounter 25 plants and up to 7 species! Molecular phylogenetics has been instrumental in consolidating an infraspecific classification and as a frame to ask ecological questions with an evolutionary framework. Chemistry and the interconnection with herbivores are key for Piper species co-existence. As part of the spectrum, we cannot discard the role of plant growth forms and co-existing microorganisms. Species diversity is highest at mid-elevation (ca. 1000 m in elev.), and the Andes foothills seem crucial for the genus's extensive diversification. We try to avoid overwhelming ourselves with the large numbers of species in the genus. Still, new taxa pop up in the forest or the herbarium cabinet every time we dare to look closely. We are using the immense diversity of this genus to ask all types of questions about the tropical forest understory. I will tell you a few peppery stories to tickle your curiosity.
