Toll-like receptors | Structure and Function | PRRs| Immunity | Basic Science Series
Toll-like receptors, TLRs, PRRs,
Types of Toll-like receptors,
Plasma membrane TLRs: TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10,
Endosomal TLRs: TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9
Pattern recognition receptors, innate immunity,
C-type lectin receptors,
NOD-like receptors,
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs),
The function of the innate immune system,
Detect molecules typical for the pathogens,
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),
Membrane-bound PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ,
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs),
Cytoplasmic PRRs include NOD-like receptors,
Toll-like Receptors (TRLs),
Membrane receptors,
Macrophages and dendritic cells
Recognition and response to foreign pathogens
Pro-inflammatory and effector cytokines
Common structural framework
Horseshoe-shaped structures (leucine-rich repeat motifs), 22–29 residues in length.
‘‘m’’-shaped dimer sandwiching the ligand molecule bringing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in close proximity
TLR extracellular domains with their ligands vary markedly between TLR paralogs.
TIR domains on the adaptor proteins MyD88, TRIF, and TRAM,
TLRs and their ligands
Unmethylated CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide DNA
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