The Tom Collins is a Collins cocktail made from gin, lemon juice, sugar and carbonated water. First memorialized in writing in 1876 by "the father of American mixology" Jerry Thomas, this "gin and sparkling lemonade" drink typically is served in a Collins glass over ice.
A drink known as a John Collins has existed since the 1860s at the very least and is believed to have originated with a head waiter of that name who worked at Limmer's Old House in Conduit Street in Mayfair, which was a popular London hotel and coffee house around 1790--1817.[1][2]
The following rhyme was written by Frank and Charles Sheridan about John Collins:
"My name is John Collins, head waiter at Limmer's,
Corner of Conduit Street, Hanover Square,
My chief occupation is filling brimmers
For all the young gentlemen frequenters there."
A later line mentions that:
"Mr. Frank always drinks my gin punch when he smokes."
A recipe for a John Collins is featured in the Steward and Barkeeper's Manual of 1869:
Teaspoonful of powdered sugar
The juice of half a lemon
A wine glass of Old Tom Gin
A bottle of plain soda
Shake up, or stir up with ice. Add a slice of lemon peel to finish.[3]
Drinks historian David Wondrich has speculated that the original recipe that was introduced to New York in the 1850s would have been very similar to the Gin Punches that are known to have been served at fashionable London clubs such as the Garrick during the first half of the 19th century. He states that these would have been along the lines of "gin, lemon juice, chilled soda water, and maraschino liqueur".[1]
The specific call for Old Tom gin in the 1869 recipe is a likely cause for the subsequent name change to 'Tom Collins' in Jerry Thomas's 1876 recipe. Earlier versions of the gin punch are likely to have used Hollands instead.
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