Originating in the second half of the Carboniferous period, Synapsids were one of the major lineage of Amniotes, being the ancient ancestors of Mammals. Starting out as small and somewhat marginal lizard-like animals, Synapsids possessed a number of defining anatomical traits that separated them from their Sauropsid cousins. These included a single opening behind each eye and the presence of canine teeth in the upper jaw. When the Carboniferous rainforest collapse led to an increasingly arid world, the Synapsids diversified explosively, expanding greatly in size and ecological diversity. Some forms, such as the Caseasaurians, developed large bodies and herbivorous diets, while Ophiacodontids became the first Amniote apex carnivores. Both lineages thrived and persisted into the Middle Permian, when they were replaced by more derived and superficially mammal-like forms.
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