The Critical Mach Number or Mcrit is the point at which, somewhere around your plane, the airflow will reach or get very close to mach 1.

In order to understand what this Mcrit is we need to know that the vast majority of the Jet Planes, such as, the Boeing 737, the Airbus 320, and so on, are Subsonic planes, thus are not built to fly above the mach one speed.

If a Subsonic aircraft flies above mach one will experience, due to the shock wave, an increase in drag and, on top of that, the lift capabilities of the wings will be impaired.

Since the airflow has a higher speed on top of the wing surface your critical mach number will be well below mach 1, this will ensure that the airflow around your plane will stay below M1.

In the flight deck, we have an indication on the speed tape which is called MMO and it represents the maximum mach number that we can fly.

If you fly close to your MMO and then you experience some turbulence you might overshoot the Max Mach Number speed triggering the clacker if you are flying the Boeing 737.

The clacker is an aural indication that alerts you when flying above the MMO.

If you want to learn more about the mach number watch the following video:
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Disclaimer:
THIS VIDEO IS FOR ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES ONLY.
NOT FOR REAL-LIFE OPERATIONS.
PLEASE REFER TO THE OFFICIAL MANUAL AND DOCUMENTATION.
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