In this video, I share some of the evidence for the biological basis of gender identity. There are many unscientific ideas out there about gender identity being influenced by environmental and social factors. While there is evidence that gender roles and expression may be rooted in sociocultural constructs of gender, gender identity is innate, enduring, and deeply biological.

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References:

Heylens, G., De Cuypere, G., Zucker, K.J., Schelfaut, C., Elaut, E., Bossche, H.V., De Baere, E. and T'Sjoen, G., 2012. Gender identity disorder in twins: a review of the case report literature. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(3), pp.751-757.

Reiner, W.G. and Gearhart, J.P., 2004. Discordant sexual identity in some genetic males with cloacal exstrophy assigned to female sex at birth. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(4), pp.333-341.

Zhou, J.N., Hofman, M.A., Gooren, L.J. and Swaab, D.F., 1995. A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality. Nature, 378(6552), pp.68-70.

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