⚡Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Repairs⚡
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Key moments:

0:00 Introduction
0:11 Different type of hybrids
0:56 Function of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine
1:49 Charging the electric battery


A hybrid car is considered to be a vehicle that combines at least one electric motor
and internal combustion engine.
Hybrid cars are divided into several types. In less common serial hybrids, the
movement of the car is carried out only through the electric motor. The petrol motor
is not connected to the transmission and serves only to charge the battery if
necessary. More common type are parallel hybrids, where the internal combustion
engine and electric motor are connected so that they can work together when the car
is moving. The electric motor also acts as a generator that charges the battery when
stopped or driven by inertia. Power split hybrids combine the best of parallel and
serial technologies. Тhe internal combustion engine can participate both in the
driving of the car and in charging the battery via a separate generator. In hybrids with
distribution between the axles, one engine is connected to the front axle and the
other to the rear axle of the car.
Regarding the function of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine,
hybrids are divided into three types.
In mild hybrids, the electric motor has a complementary function. He can assist the
start - up, acceleration and operation of systems in the vehicle when stationary while
the petrol or diesel engine is not running. These hybrids use a relatively small
capacity battery, which works at low voltage.
In full hybrids, in addition to the main functions of the electric motor, it can selfpropel
the car under certain conditions, and the battery provides a certain mileage.
Electric motors in this type of hybrid are more powerful, and the batteries have a
higher voltage and higher capacity.
Although less common, electric cars with range extender can also be considered as
hybrids. They have a small gasoline engine that serves only to charge the battery if it
is not possible to do so via the electrical grid.
There are several options for charging the electric battery in the hybrid car.
Kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy by the electric motor, which
also plays the role of a generator charging the battery. This occurs at the so-called
regenerative braking, where the car first brakes with the electric motor and ultimately
with the car's braking systems. Electricity is also produced during the inertial motion
of the car.
Plug-in hybrids can also be charged via an external source of electricity using the
standard grid for normal charging or specialized stations for fast charging, as well as
via mobile stations.
Additional energy can be generated from solar panels mounted on roofs of car parks
with fast charging stations for hybrids and electric cars.
In the next episodes of Softelectronic for hybrid cars we will look into their detailed
structure, diagnostics, maintenance and repair.

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