The Jastrow illusion is an optical illusion attributed to the Polish-American psychologist Joseph Jastrow. In the photo, the two toy railway tracks are identical, although the lower one appears to be larger.
The oldest reference to this illusion can be found in The World of Wonders, an 1873 book about curiosities of nature, science and art.
There are several competing explanations of why the brain perceives the difference in size between the ring segments. The most commonly used explanation is that the brain is confused by the difference in size between the large and the small radius. The short side makes the long side appear longer, and the long side makes the short side appear even shorter.

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