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Sources of Drugs -
(1) Minerals = (a) Liquid paraffin (b) Magnesium Sulphate Kaolin and Aluminium Trisilicate
(2) Animals= (a) Heparin (b) Gonadotropins and antitoxic sera (c) Cod liver oil (d) Insulin
(3) Plants = (a) Digoxin (b) Reserpine (c) Silymarin (d) quinine and quinidine from Cinchona, (e) vincristine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus (f) atropine from Atropa belladonna and (g) morphine and codeine from Papaver somniferum.
(4) Microorganism = Bacteria, fungi isolated from the soil are important sources of antibacterial substance like penicillin
(5) Synthetics = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), hypnotics, anticancer agents and ACE inhibitors
(6) Biotechnology = Recombinant DNA technology gives- Insulin and hepatitis B vaccine
(7) Biologicals = Growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines. This is a heterogeneous group and includes a complex protein molecule that interacts with cytokines or cell surface markers.
Plants =
(1) Alkaloid = Morphine, Opium, Atropin, Emetin, Vincristine and vinblastine
(2) Glycoside= Digoxin
(3) Fixed oil (4) Volatile oil (5) Mineral oils= Liquid paraffin, Lubricant Laxative
(6) resin = Antiseptics, astringent and expectorants
(7) Oleoresins = Gum accaisa= Binding and suspending agents
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