India is a nation in South Asia, formally known as the Republic of India (ISO: Bhrat . It is the world's most populous democracy since its independence in 1947, the seventh-largest nation by area, the most populated nation as of June 2023, and the seventh-largest nation overall.Its land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, and the Indian Ocean on the south, Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. India shares a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia on its Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean near Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
No later than 55,000 years ago, modern people left Africa and landed on the Indian subcontinent Due to their extensive habitation, which began with them living in various degrees of seclusion as hunter-gatherers, the area is incredibly diverse and is second only to Africa in terms of human genetic variety. In the western Indus river basin, where settled life first appeared on the subcontinent, 9,000 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilization of the third millennium BCE gradually developed.[31] An archaic variety of the Indo-European language Sanskrit had spread into India by 1200 BCE from the northwest The hymns of the Rigveda contain evidence of it until now. The Rigveda traces the beginning of Hinduism in India and was kept alive by an oral tradition that was steadfastly attentive.
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