Indus Water Treaty (IWT) / सिंधु जल समझौता 🏞 | for UPSC IAS | by @Eduflation


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The Indus Water Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan, signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi, Pakistan. The treaty was brokered by the World Bank and aimed to divide the water of the Indus River system between the two countries. Here are some key points about the treaty:

The Indus Water Treaty grants India control over the waters of the eastern rivers - the Beas, the Ravi, and the Sutlej, while Pakistan controls the western rivers - the Indus, the Jhelum, and the Chenab.

The treaty divides the water of the Indus River system into two parts - the eastern rivers and the western rivers - and sets out rules for water usage, distribution, and management.

According to the treaty, India is allowed to use the water of the eastern rivers for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and other non-consumptive uses.

Pakistan is allowed to use the water of the western rivers for irrigation, power generation, and other purposes.

The treaty established a Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) to implement and manage the treaty. The PIC consists of two commissioners - one from India and one from Pakistan.

The treaty allows for the development of hydroelectric power projects on the western rivers by both India and Pakistan. However, India is only allowed to use the water of the eastern rivers for this purpose.

The treaty contains provisions for the resolution of disputes between the two countries through a neutral third party - the World Bank.

The treaty has been considered one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world and has withstood several wars and conflicts between India and Pakistan.

However, there have been some disputes between the two countries over the implementation of the treaty, particularly over the construction of hydroelectric power projects by India on the western rivers.

In recent years, there have been calls to review and update the treaty to address new challenges such as climate change, population growth, and water scarcity. However, both countries have maintained their commitment to the treaty and have expressed their willingness to resolve any issues through dialogue and cooperation.




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