Row and Filter Context
Understanding the context transition is an important concept in using DAX in Power BI. There are two different types of context namely Row and Filter context. Row context happens at a table row level which means all the calculations and computation at table level i.e average sales per customer. Customer last orders etc calculated at table row level (sumX, maxX, average), basically all the iterative functions. Filter context happens at a measure and filter level. Filters can be external (slicers and other visuals) and internal (table visual row context) i.e total sales, average sales, number of customers which are affected by the filters. Sometimes you need both calculation at row and filter level known as the context transition i.e total average sales per customer. This is where the magic formula “Calculate” kicks in.

For further details and techniques, please visit the following videos below

Context Transition and Tricky Examples by Goodly Sandeep
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Context Transition - The Whiteboard #03 by SQLBI Marco
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