The three most common forms of matter we encounter every day are solids, liquids and gasses. Unlike these states, plasma is a rarified phenomenon on Earth but reigns supreme in the vast universe. We often refer to stars as “big balls of fire”, but they are more balls of scintillating plasma. Plasma is the fourth state of matter. It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behavior.

This newly discovered method of on-demand cooling can be fine-tuned and targeted, enabling it to be adapted into a "freeze-ray" device. By adjusting the type of gas used, the metals, and surface coatings that the plasma targets, scientists can manipulate how the plasma interacts with different properties.


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