The Cuman people famously fled to Hungary to escape Mongol armies in the 1230s, but did you know that was not the beginning or the end of their interaction with the Hungarian Kingdom in the thirteenth century? In this video, we look at the height of Cuman influence in Hungary in the thirteenth century, bringing greater context to the their presence earlier in the century, and see what their role was in bringing the Mongols back to Hungary in 1285- a campaign discussed in detail in the new video from Kings and Generals, which you can check out here: [ Ссылка ]

Kind thanks to my friend Michal Holeščák of the Slovak University of Sciences for his assistance with this video and advice on the Cuman people. Check out his academia.edu profile to read his articles and research, specializing in archaeology of nomads like the Mongols and Cumans: [ Ссылка ]

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Who were the Cuman-Qipchaqs? [ Ссылка ]

The Kalka River, 1223: [ Ссылка ]

Cuman reenactors:
Psohlavci- Itbarak: [ Ссылка ]
Golden Horde Uls- [ Ссылка ]
Maziar's Workshop: [ Ссылка ]
Koczownicy: [ Ссылка ]
Hungarian Cumans: [ Ссылка ]
Kiskun Memory Park: [ Ссылка ]
Nokors: [ Ссылка ]

SOURCES:

Brüggemann, Thomas. “Cumans in Southern Dobrudja: Some Remarks on the Second Bulgarian Empire during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.” 57-71

Éva Kincses-Nagy, “A Disappeared People and a Disappeared Language: The Cumans and the Cuman Language in Hungary.” 172-86 [ Ссылка ]

Lyublyanovics, Kyra. “Pagan herders and vassals most welcome: Cuman-Hungarian relations in the thirteenth century,” in Expulsion and Diaspora Formation: Religious and Ethnic Identities in Flux from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century, ed. J.V. Tolan, 31-50 (2015).

Lyublyanovics, Kyra. “The Socio-Economic Integration of Cumans in Medieval Hungary: An Archaeozoological Approach.” Doctoral Dissertation, Central European University, Budapest (2015).


Lyublyanovics, Kyra. “The Cumans in Medieval Hungary and the Question of Ethnicity.” Annual of medieval Studies at CEU, 17 (2011) 153-169.

Pow, Stephen. “Hungary’s Castle Defense Strategy in the Aftermath of the Mongol Invasion (1241-1242).” Fortifications, Defence Systems, Structures and Features in the Past 13 (2019) 239-250

Orságová, Zuzana, “Maria Laskaris and Elisabeth the Cuman: Two Examples of Árpádian Queenship.” MA Thesis, Central European University, 2009.

Szőcs, Tibor. “Egy második ‘tatárjárás’? A tatár-magyar kapcsolatok a XIII. század második felében [The Second Mongol Invasion? Mongol-Hungarian Relations in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century].” Belvedere Meridionale 22 (2010): 16–49

Uzelac, Aleksandar. “Tatars and Serbs at the End of the Thirteenth Century.”Istorie Medievala. 9-20

Vásáry, István. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

MUSIC USED:

Lost Frontier by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ([ Ссылка ])
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Impact Intermezzo by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ([ Ссылка ])
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Clenched Teeth - The Descent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ([ Ссылка ])
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Music is provided by Epidemic Sound. [ Ссылка ]

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