Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable urge to urinate, often resulting in involuntary loss of urine (incontinence). It can significantly impact the quality of life, causing embarrassment, social isolation, and emotional distress.
The exact cause of OAB is not always clear, but several factors may contribute:
UTIs can irritate the bladder and cause symptoms similar to OAB.
Certain medications, such as diuretics, can increase urine production and exacerbate symptoms.
Urgency: A sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to control.
Frequency: Urinating more than eight times in 24 hours.
Nocturia: Waking up more than once at night to urinate.
Urgency Incontinence: Involuntary loss of urine immediately following an urgent need to urinate.
Testing a urine sample for signs of infection, blood, or other abnormalities
Recording fluid intake, urination times, and episodes of incontinence over a few days.
Bladder Training: Scheduled urination and gradually increasing the time between bathroom visits.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises (Kegels): Strengthening the muscles that control urination.
Fluid Management: Modifying fluid intake and avoiding bladder irritants such as caffeine and alcohol.
Anticholinergics: Medications like oxybutynin and tolterodine reduce bladder muscle spasms.
Beta-3 Agonists: Medications like mirabegron relax the bladder muscle to increase storage capacity.
Medical Devices and Procedures:

Bladder Injections: Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections can help relax the bladder muscles.
Nerve Stimulation: Sacral nerve stimulation or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation can modulate the nerve signals to the bladder.

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