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What is a barrel chest?
Barrel chest happens when the lungs become overfilled (hyperinflated) with air — like a balloon — as they work harder. This keeps the rib cage open or expanded for a long time. This happens most often because of a chronic lung condition, but other diseases and conditions may cause it as well.

What conditions are associated with barrel chest?
Barrel chest is usually caused by lung conditions. When the lungs overfill with air, they push out the ribs, chest, bones in the upper back. Over time, barrel chest develops.

Barrel chest can sometimes happen to people with conditions that affect the joints in the rib cage and other bones of the chest and back. Some hospital treatments for conditions that affect the lungs may also lead to a barrel chest.

Here are common conditions that may cause barrel chest:

Asthma
Asthma is the most common cause of a barrel chest in children and adults. Approximately 7.8 percentTrusted Source of people in the United States have asthma. This chronic condition happens when inflammation — swelling and mucus — narrows the airways of the lungs. This makes it difficult to breathe. When the airways get very blocked the lungs can over-inflate leading to a barrel chest.

Some children with severe asthma may also have stomachs that look sunken in. This is because the muscles around and under the lungs are working harder to get air into the lungs. Seasonal allergies, colds, and flu can worsen symptoms in adults and children with asthma.

COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for several kinds of lung diseases that occur when airflow is blocked from the lungs. This can happen because of lung swelling, scarring, mucus, and other damage. Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and barrel chest.

Most people with COPD have a history of other lung problems like emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and smoker’s cough. Studies show that children with severe asthma have a higher risk of developing COPD in adulthood.

Emphysema
Emphysema is a lung condition that happens when the alveoli — little air sacs or bubbles at the ends of small breathing tubes in the lungs –— are damaged or destroyed. This can happen from smoking, pollution, chemicals, and other irritants getting into the lungs.

Alveoli air sacs are where the blood goes to get oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. When the alveoli are destroyed, large spaces form in the lungs. This makes it harder for the body to get oxygen. The lungs try to help by breathing and holding in more air, leading to a barrel chest.

Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited (genetic) condition that affects the lungs and other parts of the body. This disease makes the mucus in the lungs thick and sticky. The thick mucus can clog the lungs, making it harder to breathe. As an individual works harder to breathe, they may develop barrel chestTrusted Source

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