When the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle is used, no protons are pumped into the inter membrane space at Complex 1 (similarly to Complex II of the ETC), thus only 1.5 ATP are produced if this shuttle is used. Whereas, if the malata-aspartate shuttle is used, the hydrogens are completely transferred across the membrane to NAD+ and the NADH passes the protons onto Complex I and 4 hydrogens are pumped into the inter membrane space. Thus, when the malata-aspartate shuttle is used 2.5 ATP are produced.
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#chemistry
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