Preload vs. afterload nursing review of stroke volume and cardiac output.

What is cardiac preload and afterload?

Cardiac preload is the amount the ventricle stretch at the end of diastole. Diastole is the filling or relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. Preload is the amount of blood volume that fills that ventricle when the filling phase is over. Therefore, it is also called the end-diastolic volume (EDV).

Cardiac afterload is the pressure the ventricles must work against to open the semilunar valves so blood can leave the ventricle and enter either the lungs or systemic circulation. Afterload is influenced by vascular resistance, which is either pulmonary (which affects the right ventricle) or systemic vascular resistance (which affects the left ventricle).

Preload and afterload play an important role in affecting cardiac output because they influence stroke volume. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and it's calculated by the heart rate times the stroke volume.

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat. The three factors that influence stroke volume are contractility, preload, and afterload.

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