The M79 grenade launcher is a single-shot, break-open grenade launcher that fires a 40×46mm grenade, which uses the High-Low Propulsion System. The High-Low Propulsion System is a design using a smaller high-pressure chamber for storing the propellant. When the propellant is ignited, the higher pressure gases expand through ports to a larger low pressure chamber to push the projectile forward. The high-low system allows the weight of the weapon to be reduced.
Different types of ammunition were produced for the M79 including explosive, anti-personnel, smoke, buckshot, flechette (pointed steel projectiles with a vaned tail) and illumination.
The M79 grenade launcher resembles a break-open shotgun, having only five major parts: a receiver group, a fore-end assembly, a barrel group, a sight assembly, and a stock. The rear sight on the M79 is a folding ladder–style leaf sight. When unfolded, the leaf sight can be adjusted for ranges from 75 to 375 meters.
Among American soldiers it earned nicknames such as "Big Ed", "Elephant Gun" and "Can Cannon" in reference to the grenade size. Australian units referred to it sometimes as the "Wombat Gun".
In 1961, the first M79 grenade launchers were delivered to the US Army and first appeared during the Vietnam War.

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