Tooth anatomy: the major structure, sections, and tissues of the tooth. Learn the three major sections of the tooth (crown, neck, and root), as well as the four major tissues that make up the teeth (enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp).

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The crown of the tooth is the part above the tooth's neck and extending out of the gums. The neck is the part where the crown's enamel meets the cementum layer that covers the tooth's root. The root is the part that extends from the neck of the tooth to the apex (bottom) of the tooth and is usually hidden by your gums.

The periodontal ligament attaches to the cementum and anchors it to the alveolar bone in the jaw. Both the cementum and the periodontal ligament make up part of the periodontium (the other two are the alveolar bone proper and gingivae).

The four major tissues of the tooth include the following: enamel, cementum, dentin, and pulp

Enamel is the hard outer layer that covers the crown. It is made of mostly minerals (96%) such as hydroxyapatite

Cementum is another hard layer, but softer than both enamel and dentin. This layer covers the tooth's root.

Dentin is harder than cementum but softer than enamel, and it is deep to both tissues.

Pulp is the soft tissue found in the pulp cavity of the tooth. It runs through the narrow root canal of the root and expands into a larger pulp chamber in the crown.

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