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The formation of a galaxy is a complex process that is still not fully understood. However, scientists have developed several theories about how galaxies might form based on observations and simulations.
One of the most widely accepted theories is the hierarchical model of galaxy formation. According to this model, galaxies form through the gradual merging of smaller structures, such as gas clouds and dwarf galaxies. These mergers can trigger the formation of stars and cause the growth of a central supermassive black hole.
In the early universe, small density fluctuations in the distribution of matter led to the formation of large-scale structures, such as galaxy clusters and filaments. These structures served as the building blocks for galaxies, and their assembly was governed by gravity.
