The Neo-Babylonian Empire, also known as the Second Babylonian Empire[5] and historically known as the Chaldean Empire,[6] was the last of the Mesopotamian empires to be ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia.[7] Beginning with Nabopolassar's coronation as King of Babylon in 626 BC and being firmly established through the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 612 BC, the Neo-Babylonian Empire and its ruling Chaldean dynasty were short-lived, conquered after less than a century by the Persian Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC.
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