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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
1:06 Causes of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
2:03 Symptoms of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
2:31 Diagnosis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
3:02 Treatment of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), also known as “focal glomerular sclerosis” or “focal nodular glomerulosclerosis,”[1] is a histopathologic finding of scarring (sclerosis) of glomeruli and damage to renal podocytes.[2][3] This process damages the filtration function of the kidney, resulting in protein loss in the urine.[3] FSGS is a leading cause of excess protein loss--nephrotic syndrome—in children and adults.[4] Signs and symptoms include proteinuria, water retention, and edema.[2][5] Kidney failure is a common long-term complication of disease.[5][6] FSGS can be classified as primary versus secondary depending on whether a particular toxic or pathologic stressor can be identified as the cause.[7][8] Diagnosis is established by renal biopsy,[2][9] and treatment consists of glucocorticoids and other immune-modulatory drugs.[10] Response to therapy is variable, with a significant portion of patients progressing to end-stage kidney failure.[5] FSGS is estimated to occur in 2-3 persons per million, with males and African peoples at higher risk .[11][12]
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