In this video you can find seven little known facts about New South Wales. Keep watching and subscribe, as more Australian states will follow!

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1. James Cook who was the first European to chart the area, named the entire eastern coast New South Wales because the countryside bore a resemblance to parts of southern Wales. He named it and claimed it in 1770. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony also included the island territories of New Zealand,

2. With the loss of its American colonies in 1783, the British Government sent a fleet of ships, the "First Fleet", under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales. A camp was set up and the flag raised at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, on 26 January 1788. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration and settlement of other regions.

3. The capital of New South Wales is Sydney, the site of the country’s oldest European settlement and its largest and most cosmopolitan city, with ethnic communities from more than 100 countries. The city’s icons include The Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Harbour Bridge and The Sydney Opera House. Sydney hosted the 2000 Olympic Games, an important international finance centre and home to one of the world’s great seaports.

4. The pacemaker was originally invented in Sydney at the Crown Street Women’s Hospital by Dr. Mark Lidwill in 1926. Dr. Lidwill successfully revived a stillborn baby whose heart continued beating after 10 minutes with the pacemaker. However, due to ethical concerns, Dr. Lidwill declined recognition for his invention.

5. A golden age of a new kind began in 1851 with the announcement of the discovery of payable gold at Ophir near Bathurst. The gold rushes of the 1850s brought a huge influx of settlers. Hill End, also near Bathurst N.S.W. was a locality that grew, boomed and faded with the N.S.W. Gold Rush. Hill End's fame is the finding of the 'Holtermann Specimen (correctly the Beyers Holtermann Specimen)' being the largest single mass of gold ever discovered in the world, a record that still stands today. Found in 1872 at the Star Hope Mine this single mass of quartz and gold weighed 630 lbs and when crushed produced and est. of 93 kg of gold.

6. By the 1890s, several new factors were drawing the Australian colonies towards political union. The movement for federation was initiated by Henry Parkes with his Tenterfield Oration of 1889 (earning him the title "Father of Federation"), and carried forward after Parkes' death by another New South Wales politician, Edmund Barton.

7. The Cowra Breakout of 1944 saw Japanese prisoners of war launch a suicidal escape attempt from their camp in the Central West of New South Wales. This is considered the only fighting within New South Wales of the war.

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