Please visit [ Ссылка ] to read The Effect online for free, or find links to purchase a physical copy or ebook.

The Effect is a book about research design and causal inference. How can we use data to learn about the world? How can we answer questions about whether X causes Y even if we can't run a randomized experiment? The book covers these things and plenty more. These videos are meant to accompany the book, although they can also be viewed on their own.

This video relates to material found in Chapter 10 of the book.

A version of this video without background music can be found here: [ Ссылка ]

In this video we cover the issue of heterogeneous treatment effects. Different people (or countries, or firms, or whatever you're studying) are likely to be affected differently by different treatments. So what exactly does that "effect" we estimated actually mean?

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