Three new criminal laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam—will replace India's colonial-era legal framework starting Monday. These laws introduce modern provisions such as Zero FIR, online complaint registration, and electronic summonses. Key changes include mandatory crime scene videography for heinous crimes, streamlined sections, and enhanced protections for women and children. Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized that these laws prioritize justice and transparency, replacing outdated penal systems with Indian-centric legal standards to address contemporary social realities and crimes.
Three new criminal laws will come into effect across the country from Monday, bringing widespread changes in India's criminal justice system and ending colonial-era laws. Union Home Minister Amit Shah, who piloted the laws, said the new laws would give priority to providing justice, unlike the British-era laws that gave primacy to penal action.
"These laws are made by Indians, for Indians and by an Indian Parliament and marks the end of colonial criminal justice laws," he said.
Shah said the laws were not just about changing the nomenclature but bringing about a complete overhaul.
"Soul, body and spirit" of the new laws is Indian, he said.
Justice is an umbrella term that encompasses both the victim and the culprit, the home minister said and added these new laws would ensure political, economic and social justice with an Indian ethos.
According to the new laws, judgment in criminal cases has to come within 45 days of completion of trial and charges must be framed within 60 days of first hearing.
Statement of rape victims will be recorded by a female police officer in presence of her guardian or relative and medical reports have to come within seven days.
Organised crimes and acts of terrorism have been defined, sedition has been replaced with treason and video recording of all search and seizure have been made mandatory.
A new chapter on crimes against women and children have been added, buying and selling of any child has been made a heinous crime and there is a provision for death sentence or life imprisonment for gang rape of a minor.
The offences against women and children, murder and offences against the State have been given precedence in the new law.
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