The Next Generation Attack Submarine, or SSN(X), is a new kind of nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) that the Navy plans to start buying in the middle of the 2030s. The Virginia-class SSN design, which the Navy has been purchasing since Fiscal Year 1998, would be replaced by the SSN(X). The SSN(X) programme is asking for $237.0 million in research and development funding in the Navy's proposed Fiscal Year 2023 budget. The U.S. Navy employs nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSGNs), nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), nuclear-powered attack submarines, and nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSNs). The SSNs are all-purpose submarines that can carry out a range of tasks in both peacetime and combat.
Virginia-Class Program
As previously established, the Navy has started purchasing SSNs of the Virginia-class since FY1998. The Navy has been acquiring them at a rate of two boats yearly since Fiscal Year 2011. VPM-equipped Virginia-class SSNs have an estimated current procurement cost of roughly $3.6 billion per boat when purchased at a rate of two per year. Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: CRS Report RL32418 for more details on Navy submarine programmes.
SSN(X) Program
Designation of a Program The "X" in SSN(X) denotes that the boat's precise design is still being worked out. In the middle of the 2030s, the Navy plans to switch from purchasing Virginia-class boats to purchasing SSN(X)s.
Design of the SSN(X)
According to the Navy, the SSN(X) will be built to combat the growing threat posed by competition between near peers and adversaries for undersea supremacy. Greater speed, a bigger horizontal payload, better acoustic performance, and higher operational availability will be offered by it. SSN(X) will be able to coordinate with a larger number of off-hull vehicles, sensors, and friendly forces while conducting full spectrum undersea warfare. The multimission capability and persistent combat presence in restricted waters will be retained and enhanced. According to representatives of the Navy, the SSN(X) should be a "apex predator." They went on to say that the Navy specifically wants the SSN(X) to incorporate the speed and payload of the Navy's fast and heavily armed Seawolf (SSN-21) class SSN design, the acoustic quietness and sensors of the Virginia-class design, and the operational availability and service life of the Columbia-class design.
Issues for Congress include the following:
if the Navy accurately determined the SSN(Xrequired )'s capabilities and accurately assessed the potential cost effects of certain required capabilities; the SSN(X) program's possible effect on budget allocated to other Navy programme priorities; if the SSN(X) could be powered by a reactor plant using low-enriched uranium (LEU), as opposed to the highly enriched uranium (HEU) used on other Navy nuclear-powered ships, and if so, what effect that would have on nuclear arms control and nonproliferation efforts, as well as the costs and capabilities of the SSN(X); and whether each SSN(X) should be built jointly by GD/EB and HII/NNS (the (the separate-yard approach used for building earlier Navy SSNs and SSBNs). Regarding the third of the aforementioned concerns, the Navy provided CRS with an unclassified copy of a Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) report to Congress in January 2020 on the possibility of using LEU for the SSN(X) that stated: It is not practical to substitute LEU into existing naval fuel systems or to design a VIRGINIA Class Submarine (VCS) replacement that would be challenging to estimate accurately at this time and expensive to implement. If future American policy calls for a switch to LEU, it would take at least 15 years of advanced fuel development and a substantial expenditure. It is difficult to construct a lead ship VCS replacement with an LEU reactor while adhering to the Navy's schedule given this development timescale.
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