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kissThe Gulf War, also known as the Persian Gulf War, occurred in 1990-1991. It was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. The main reasons for the conflict included Iraq's economic struggles following the Iran-Iraq War, disputes over oil production and pricing, and Saddam Hussein's ambitions to control Kuwait's oil reserves.
The war unfolded in two phases:
1. **Operation Desert Shield (August 7, 1990 – January 16, 1991)**: This phase involved the buildup of a coalition force led by the United States to defend Saudi Arabia and prepare for a potential ground offensive.
2. **Operation Desert Storm (January 17 – February 28, 1991)**: The coalition launched a massive air campaign followed by a swift ground offensive that led to the liberation of Kuwait and a decisive defeat of Iraqi forces.
**Casualties and Civilian Impact:**
- **Military Casualties**: Coalition forces (mainly U.S., U.K., and other allies) suffered around 294 fatalities, while Iraq reported around 20,000-30,000 military deaths.
- **Civilian Casualties**: Estimates suggest around 1,000-2,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed. The war also caused signific damage to Kuwaiti infrastructure. In Iraq, civilian casualties were harder to quantify but included deaths from bombing and subsequent hardships.
**Reasons for the War**:
- Iraq's economic difficulties and debt from the Iran-Iraq War.
- Disputes over oil production and pricing, with Iraq accusing Kuwait of overproducing oil and lowering prices, which exacerbated Iraq’s economic crisis.
- Saddam Hussein's desire to control Kuwait's oil reserves and gain strategic advantage in the region.
The war ended with Kuwait's liberation and a ceasefire, but it left a lasting impact on the region and contributed to future conflicts.
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