9 Different methods of magnetic levitation

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Spin-stabilized magnetic levitation. A spinning magnet is levitated via magnetic repulsion above another magnet and stabilized by gyroscopic effect. Spinning top acts as a gyroscope and prevents its toroidal magnetic field from fully aligning itself in the same direction as that of the supporting opposing field of the magnetic base. The weight of the top and the alignment of the base magnet needs to be rather precise making this hard to pull off.

Diamagnetic suspension levitation: Pyrolytic graphite is the most diamagnetic substance known to man. Diamagnetism means slight repulsion between a magnets both poles and diamagnetic material. This repulsion shows up in the form of levitation when an attracting magnet above is at specific height

Diamagnetic opposition levitation: A thin enough piece of pyrolytic graphite will levitate over a magnetic array. The lift comes right at the edges where north and south are making contact. The flux density has a peak in the centre but also around the edges of the magnet.The diamagnetic repulsion overpowers the weight of the graphite and the flux density keeps it from falling off the array if the array and magnets are appropriate sized. Diamagnetic opposition and suspension leviation can be combined. This form of diamagnetic levitation will hold more weight than just diamagnetic suspension or opposition levitation.

Induction levitation with permanent magnets: It is possible to levitate a magnet in a proximity of a conductive material like copper or aluminum by manually adjusting another magnet above. The levitation is made possible by eddy currents. Those currents produce their own magnetic field that resists movement of the magnet. This dampens the system, slowing the movement of the suspended magnet.

Electromagnetic Levitation: The levitation is achieved by cooperative action between large attracting ferrite disc magnet and repelling electromagnets that are controlled by a feedback loop which continuously adjusts the electromagnets in relation to the levitating magnet's position.

Induction levitation with electromagnets is pretty cool. Using a levitation coil, a conductive object can be levitated in the magnetic field. Depending on the metal and power setting you can even boil it mid-air. Aluminum will levitate and melt easily at 1-1.5kw of input power.

Tractor beam effect: when a magnet is spun at a certain rpm rate it is possible to levitate another magnet under it. The spinning master magnet locks the levitating slave magnet at a distance of ~ 5 - 10 mm. The levitation gap can be adjusted by changing the rpm rate. Faster rpm means smaller levitation gap. The tractor beam effect is also much tighter with higher rpm. Copper isn't necessary for the effect, but it helps to stabilize the magnet.

The Meissner effect: When this yttrium-barium-copperoxide puck is chilled down below its critical temperature with liquid nitrogen, it becomes a superconductor and magnetic field lines are expelled from its body. Magnet is able to levitate over the superconductor, but it is held in place only weakly.
Flux pinning: This superconductor is slightly different. There are small imperfections on its surface, which allows magnetic field lines to run through them. When cooled down to its superconducting temperature, those field lines become trapped. This locks the magnet in space above the superconductor. The magnet and the superconductor don’t want to move relative to each other."



Narration: Tatu Jännäri

Music: Unicorn Heads - Dreaming in 432Hz

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